LABORATORY EXERCISE 20

MUSCLES OF THE FACE, HEAD, AND NECK

Figure Labels

FIG. 20.1

1. Temporalis 6. Frontalis (epicranius)

2. Occipitalis (epicranius) 7. Orbicularis oculi

3. Masseter 8. Zygomaticus major

4. Sternocleidomastoid 9. Orbicularis oris

5. Platysma 10. Buccinator

FIG. 20.2

1. Lateral pterygoid 2. Medial pterygoid

FIG. 20.3

1. Longissimus capitis (erector spinae) 3. Splenius capitis

2. Semispinalis capitis

Laboratory Report Answers

PART A

1. Zygomaticus major 7. Lateral

2. Buccinator 8. Orbicularis oculi

3. Orbicularis oris 9. Sternocleidomastoid

4. Lateral pterygoid 10. Splenius capitis

5. Raise the jaw/elevate mandible (as in biting) 11. Platysma

6. Medial 12. Zygomaticus

PART B

1. Epicranius 6. Buccinator

2. Zygomaticus major 7. Platysma

3. Masseter 8. Temporalis

4. Lateral pterygoid 9. Splenius capitis

5. Sternocleidomastoid 10. Semispinalis capitis

Critical Thinking Application Answers

PART C (FIG. 20.4)

1. Epicranius (frontalis) 4. Orbicularis oris

2. Zygomaticus major 5. Platysma

3. Orbicularis oculi

LABORATORY EXERCISE 21

MUSCLES OF THE CHEST, SHOULDER, AND UPPER LIMB

Figure Labels

FIG. 21.1

1. Trapezius 6. Infraspinatus

2. Deltoid 7. Teres minor

3. Latissimus dorsi 8. Teres major

4. Levator scapulae 9. Rhomboid major

5. Supraspinatus

FIG. 21.2

1. Pectoralis minor 4. Deltoid

2. Internal intercostal 5. Serratus anterior

3. Pectoralis major

FIG. 21.3a

1. Levator scapulae 4. Teres minor

2. Supraspinatus 5. Teres major

3. Deltoid 6. Triceps brachii

FIG. 21.3b

1. Deltoid 3. Biceps brachii

2. Subscapularis 4. Brachialis

FIG. 21.4a

1. Pronator teres 3. Flexor carpi radialis

2. Brachioradialis 4. Palmaris longus

FIG. 21.4b

1. Flexor carpi ulnaris 3. Extensor carpi radialis longus

2. Extensor carpi ulnaris 4. Extensor digitorum

Laboratory Report Answers

PART A

1. c 4. i 7. a 10. k

2. g 5. h 8. b 11. d

3. e 6. j 9. l 12. f

PART B

1. Rhomboid major 7. Teres minor

2. Serratus anterior 8. Brachialis

3. Pectoralis minor 9. Pronator teres

4. Coracobrachialis 10. Brachioradialis

5. Teres major 11. Flexor carpi radialis

6. Subscapularis 12. Palmaris longus

Critical Thinking Application Answers

PART C (FIG. 21.5a-c)

1. Trapezius 12. Biceps brachii

2. Deltoid 13. Triceps brachii

3. Pectoralis major 14. Latissimus dorsi

4. Rectus abdominis 15. Pectoralis major

5. Sternocleidomastoid 16. Serratus anterior

6. Biceps brachii 17. Biceps brachii

7. Serratus anterior 18. Trapezius

8. External oblique 19. Deltoid

9. Deltoid 20. Triceps brachii

10. Trapezius 21. Brachioradialis

11. Infraspinatus

LABORATORY EXERCISE 22

MUSCLES OF THE DEEP BACK, ABDOMINAL WALL, AND PELVIC OUTLET

Figure Labels

FIG. 22.1

1. Longissimus (intermediate group) 3. Iliocostalis (lateral group)

2. Spinalis (medial group)

FIG. 22.2

1. External oblique 3. Transversus abdominis

2. Internal oblique 4. Rectus abdominis

FIG. 22.3

1. Bulbospongiosus 3. Superficial transversus perinei

2. Ischiocavernosus 4. Levator ani

FIG. 22.4

1. Ischiocavernosus 3. Superficial transversus perinei

2. Bulbospongiosus 4. Levator ani

Critical Thinking Application Answers

An appendectomy incision would involve the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles from superficial to deep.

Laboratory Report Answers

PART A

1. Linea alba 4. Tense the abdominal wall and compress the contents of

2. Rectus abdominis the abdominal cavity

3. Transversus abdominis 5. Tense the abdominal wall and flex the vertebral column

6. Erector spinae group

PART B

1. Pelvic diaphragm 6. Ischial tuberosity

2. Anal canal and vagina 7. Levator ani

3. Support the pelvic viscera and provide sphincterlike 8. Support the pelvic viscera

action in the anal canal and vagina (aid the levator ani) 9. Ischial spine

4. Bulbospongiosus 10. Sphincter urethrae

5. Constrict the vagina

LABORATORY EXERCISE 23

MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER LIMB

Figure Labels

FIG. 23.1

1. Tensor fasciae latae 6. Psoas major

2. Sartorius 7. Iliacus

3. Rectus femoris 8. Adductor longus

4. Vastus lateralis 9. Gracilis

5. Vastus medialis

FIG. 23.2

1. Gluteus medius 4. Tensor fasciae latae

2. Gluteus maximus 5. Rectus femoris

3. Biceps femoris 6. Vastus lateralis

FIG. 23.3

1. Adductor magnus 5. Biceps femoris

2. Gracilis 6. Semitendinosus

3. Gluteus medius 7. Semimembranosus

4. Gluteus maximus

FIG. 23.4

1. Fibularis (peroneus) longus 3. Extensor digitorum longus

2. Tibialis anterior

FIG. 23.5

1. Gastrocnemius 4. Tibialis anterior

2. Soleus 5. Extensor digitorum longus

3. Fibularis (peroneus) longus 6. Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

FIG. 23.6

1. Gastrocnemius 2. Soleus

Laboratory Report Answers

PART A

1. e 6. d

2. b 7. j

3. f 8. a

4. h 9. g

5. c 10. i

PART B

1. Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus 6. Vastus lateralis

2. Adductor magnus 7. Semitendinosus

3. Sartorius 8. Vastus medialis

4. Gastrocnemius 9. Flexor digitorum longus

5. Tensor fasciae latae 10. Tibialis anterior

Critical Thinking Application Answers

PART C (FIG. 23.7)

1. Rectus femoris 5. Vastus medialis

2. Vastus medialis 6. Tibialis anterior

3. Vastus lateralis 7. Gastrocnemius

4. Sartorius 8. Soleus

LABORATORY EXERCISE 24

SURFACE ANATOMY

Figure Labels

FIG. 24.1

1. Hyoid bone 3. Sternocleidomastoid

2. Mandible 4. Trapezius (upper)

FIG. 24.3

1. Sternum 3. Biceps brachii

2. Sternocleidomastoid 4. Serratus anterior

FIG. 24.4

1. Acromion process 2. Olecranon process

FIG. 24.6

1. Medial malleolus 3. Lateral malleolus

2. Patella

FIG. 24.8

1. Lateral malleolus 3. Calcaneal tendon

2. Patella 4. Gastrocnemius

Table 24.1 Representative Bony and Soft Tissue Surface Features

Bony and Soft Tissues	Bony Features	Soft Tissue Features
Biceps brachii		X
Calcaneal tendon		X
Deltoid		X
Gastrocnemius		X
Greater trochanter	X
Head of fibula	X
Iliac crest	X
Iliotibial tract		X
Lateral malleolus	X
Mandible	X
Mastoid process	X
Medial border of scapula	X
Rectus abdominis		X
Sacrum	X
Serratus anterior		X
Sternocleidomastoid		X
Sternum	X
Thenar eminence		X
Tibialis anterior		X
Zygomatic arch	X

Laboratory Report Answers

Part A

1. d 4. c 7. b 10. a

2. c 5. d 8. d 11. a

3. d 6. a 9. b 12. b

Part B

FIG. 24.9a FIG. 24.9b

1. Zygomatic arch 1. Mastoid process

2. Trapezius 2. Erector spinae

3. Clavicle 3. Iliac crest

4. Xiphoid process 4. Styloid process of ulna

5. Rectus abdominis 5. Iliotibial tract

6. Iliac crest 6. Popliteal fossa

7. Greater trochanter 7. External occipital protuberance

8. Tibial tuberosity 8. C7

9. Tibia 9. Medial border of scapula

10. Acromion process 10. Inferior angle of scapula

FIG. 24.9a (continued) FIG. 24.9b (continued)

11. Pectoralis major 11. Olecranon process

12. Biceps brachii 12. Sacrum

13. Thenar eminence 13. Distal interphangeal joint

14. Vastus lateralis 14. Soleus

15. Head of fibula 15. Calcaneal tendon

Part C (FIG. 24.10)

Answers will vary.